![]() No differences existed between heat-stressed and exercise groups in LVDP, +dP/d t, and −dP/d t at any time during ischemia or reperfusion. Both heat stress and exercise resulted in an increase ( P < 0.05) in the relative levels of left ventricular heat shock protein 72 (HSP72). Furthermore, exercise (3 and 5 days) increased ( P < 0.05) myocardial glutathione levels and manganese superoxide dismutase activity. These data indicate that 3–5 consecutive days of exercise improves myocardial contractile performance during in vivo I/R and that this exercise-induced myocardial protection is associated with an increase in both myocardial HSP72 and cardiac antioxidant defenses. Many human epidemiological studies suggest that regular exercise is associated with cardiovascular benefits ( 13, 25, 31). Indeed, the incidence of myocardial infarctions is reduced in physically active individuals, and the survival rate of heart attack victims is greater in active individuals compared with sedentary people ( 13, 25). Recent experimental studies also indicate that regular endurance exercise provides myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury ( 3, 6, 7, 9, 15, 19, 21, 29). For example, 10 wk of endurance exercise training has been shown to enhance myocardial recovery from an I/R insult, as evidenced by an enhanced recovery of left ventricle developed pressures (LVDPs) and reduced oxidative damage to the myocardium ( 9, 29). Although the exact biochemical mechanism(s) responsible for this protection is not known, it is believed that the training-induced changes in the myocardium are the cumulative result of consecutive exercise bouts over a long period (i.e., several months). This type of long-duration exercise training has been shown to elevate myocardial levels of heat shock protein (HSP) 72 and improve myocardial antioxidant defenses ( 9, 28, 29) collectively, these changes could lead to improved myocardial protection during I/R ( 9, 29). To date, the minimum duration of exercise required to protect the heart during an I/R insult is unknown. So you can easily animate straight ahead or do inbetweens and it doesn’t matter how far apart the key frames are, just open them before you open the one you want to edit.Nonetheless, two recent studies suggest that as few as 1–3 consecutive days of exercise elevates myocardial levels of HSP72 and can improve myocardial contractile performance after exposure to an in vitro model of ischemia and reoxygenation ( 21, 34). It works just like a traditional animation disc. Whatever drawing you open goes on top of the stack and the drawings you had open before show through. It let’s you see your previous and next drawings and any keys you want to help you know exactly where to draw. FlipBook’s lightbox (onion skin) is more versatile than any other app. It controls acceleration, deceleration and gives objects weight. ![]() Spacing is about where you draw the inbetweens. This is the best way to learn where to put your keyframes. FlipBook let’s you adjust the timing while the scene loops so you can try faster and err less to find the perfect timing sooner. You can add frames to slow the movement down or delete frames to speed it up without ever stopping the playback. According to “Disney Animation, The Illusion of Life”, learning timing requires “a period of experimenting and trying and failing and trying again”. Timing is all about where you put your key frames and determines how long each action lasts. Timing and Spacing are just two of the things that FlipBook does better than any other app. Conquer Time & Space With DigiCel FlipBook ![]()
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